1.Adaptation:
An act of taking a creative work like a play and moving it into another medium.
2. Ingenuity -Inventively talented
3. Deceit - Lying
4. Vitriol - Sarcastic criticism in literature
5. Profound - Depth
6. Poignancy - The qlty of affecting the emotions in a heartfelt way.
7. Pejoratives - Disparaging Remarks.
8. Anachronisms - Obsolete.
9. Provinciality(Parochial) -Limited Pt. of view or a rough-hewn unsophistication associated with those living in provinces.
10. Rusticity - Country lifestyle.
11. Piqued - Aroused, Excited.
12. Misapprehended - Misunderstood.
13. One who vegetates - Inert or not active.
Vegetables - Inactive living things.
Vegout - To stagnate, not think or do anything.
14. Proponent - Someone who argues in favor of some idea or practice.
15. Traitor - Doesn't support his particular country.
16. Attorney - Support the law.
17. Species - Category of living things known as organisms.
18. Genre - A type of literature.
19. Mystery - A type of book.
20. Discharged - Duty is up and released.
21. Docked(money) -withheld from an employee, as punishment for poor work.
22. Laceration - Large Cut.
23. Slit - A tiny crack, cut.
24. Blisters - Often smaller sores than boils.
25. Outfox - To defeat out over him by superior strategy.
26. Outrun - by superior speed.
27. Specific kinds of outdoing - Outfoxing, Outrunning and Outlasting.
28. Coax -Persuade Someone.
29. Blandishments - A series of flattering and cajoling actions and speeches.
30. Platitudes - Trite, dull remarks.
31. A person is called a noble because he or she is titled. Eg: Sir, Lord or Squire.
32. Deposed Ruler - One who has been kicked out.
33. Revelatory - Persuasive though incomplete.
34. Zeal - Enthusiasm.
35. Apathy - similar to indifference or the actual correct response.
36. Erroneous - Incorrect.
37. Cognizant - to be aware.
38. Oblivious - Unaware.
39. Obsequious - Overly flattering.
40. Bawdy - Racy.
41. Prudish - Proper.
42. Superfluous - Unnecessary.
43. Gaunt - Thin.
44. Ethereal - Heavenly or Immaterial.
45. Legitimate - Legal or authentic.
46. Abet - To aid or assist.
47. Deter- Hinder.
48. Dispassionate - Unbiased.
49. Partisan - Biased.
50. Sentient - Conscious or aware.
51. Stoic - Expressionless or Impassive.
52. Panegyric - Formal or elaborate praise in writing or oration.
53. Prolix - Wordy.
54. Pithy - To the point.
Wednesday, January 30, 2008
Keywords in Reading Comprehension
CONTRADICTION
However
But
Yet
On the other hand
Rather
Instead
SUPPORT
For Example
One reason that
In addition
Also
Moreover
Consequently
EMPHASIS
Of primary importance
Especially important
Of particular interest
Crucial
Critical
Remarkable
If a para contains a contrast word, the topic sentence will almost always be that sentence or the next.
However
But
Yet
On the other hand
Rather
Instead
SUPPORT
For Example
One reason that
In addition
Also
Moreover
Consequently
EMPHASIS
Of primary importance
Especially important
Of particular interest
Crucial
Critical
Remarkable
If a para contains a contrast word, the topic sentence will almost always be that sentence or the next.
3 common reading Comp Question Types
1) Global scope
2) Explicit detail &
3) Inference
Global scope is the entire passage scanning the verbs and adjectives narrow down the options quickly.
Wrong choices play on some side issue discussed at the tail end of the passage.
STRUCTURE QUESTIONS
Eg: Which of the following best describes the organisation of the passage?
Ask Yourself:
"Was there a hypothesis here?"
"Was there an evaluation of a proposal or a defense of a viewpoint?"
Tone Question(How the author expresses)
Eg: passionate,fiery,neutral,angry,hostile,opinionated,low-key or a rough-hewn unsophistication associated with those living in provinces.
EXPLICIT DETAIL QUESTIONS
Line Reference- usually the actual answer will be in the lines immediately before or after the referenced line.
2) Explicit detail &
3) Inference
Global scope is the entire passage scanning the verbs and adjectives narrow down the options quickly.
Wrong choices play on some side issue discussed at the tail end of the passage.
STRUCTURE QUESTIONS
Eg: Which of the following best describes the organisation of the passage?
Ask Yourself:
"Was there a hypothesis here?"
"Was there an evaluation of a proposal or a defense of a viewpoint?"
Tone Question(How the author expresses)
Eg: passionate,fiery,neutral,angry,hostile,opinionated,low-key or a rough-hewn unsophistication associated with those living in provinces.
EXPLICIT DETAIL QUESTIONS
Line Reference- usually the actual answer will be in the lines immediately before or after the referenced line.
Reading Comprehension
Pay special attention to the first third of the passage.
The first third of a reading comp passage usually introduces its topic and scope, the author's main idea or primary purpose and the author's tone.
Topic - broader.
Scope- Narrows the topic
As you read a passage:
i) Identify the topic. (Eg: Solving world hunger).
ii)Narrow the topic to precise scope. (Eg: A new technology for solving world hunger).
iii)Guess why the author is writing the passage and where it's leading. (Eg: Author writing to describe a new technology for solving world hunger).
STRUCTURE and TONE
says how the author says the matter.
GRE Passage Structures
i) passage arguing a position - social science.
ii) " within a field of study - Shakespearean sonnets in literature.
iii) " with some new findings or research - science.
Author's tone ranging from argumentative and opinionated to descriptive and clinical can provide a clue.
Verbs Used:
-> Argue for, propose, or demonstrate.
-> Describe or discuss.
=> Eliminating the wrong ones to choose the correct one, lookout for those choices that:
i) Contradict the facts or the main idea.
ii) Distract or twist the facts or the main idea.
iii) Mention true points not relevant to the question(often from wrong paras).
iv) Raise a topic thats never mentioned in passage.
v) Are too strongly worded.
vi) Sound off the wall or have the wrong tone.
The first third of a reading comp passage usually introduces its topic and scope, the author's main idea or primary purpose and the author's tone.
Topic - broader.
Scope- Narrows the topic
As you read a passage:
i) Identify the topic. (Eg: Solving world hunger).
ii)Narrow the topic to precise scope. (Eg: A new technology for solving world hunger).
iii)Guess why the author is writing the passage and where it's leading. (Eg: Author writing to describe a new technology for solving world hunger).
STRUCTURE and TONE
says how the author says the matter.
GRE Passage Structures
i) passage arguing a position - social science.
ii) " within a field of study - Shakespearean sonnets in literature.
iii) " with some new findings or research - science.
Author's tone ranging from argumentative and opinionated to descriptive and clinical can provide a clue.
Verbs Used:
-> Argue for, propose, or demonstrate.
-> Describe or discuss.
=> Eliminating the wrong ones to choose the correct one, lookout for those choices that:
i) Contradict the facts or the main idea.
ii) Distract or twist the facts or the main idea.
iii) Mention true points not relevant to the question(often from wrong paras).
iv) Raise a topic thats never mentioned in passage.
v) Are too strongly worded.
vi) Sound off the wall or have the wrong tone.
Antonyms
Hints:
Word Charge
Word Roots
Word Associations
Making opposites of answer choices
and Guesses.
1. Look at word Roots, Stems and Suffixes
Eg: Benediction means, its prefix (bene means good) tells that its opposite is likely to be bad.
Perhaps the answer begin with mal, as in malefaction.
2. Use the +ve or -ve charges of the words to help you
+ sign for positive connotations
- sign for negative connotations
= sign for neutral words
Eg:
PERDITION : -
A) Deterrent -
B) Rearrangement =
C) Reflection =
D) Salvation +
E) Rejection -
Word Charge
Word Roots
Word Associations
Making opposites of answer choices
and Guesses.
1. Look at word Roots, Stems and Suffixes
Eg: Benediction means, its prefix (bene means good) tells that its opposite is likely to be bad.
Perhaps the answer begin with mal, as in malefaction.
2. Use the +ve or -ve charges of the words to help you
+ sign for positive connotations
- sign for negative connotations
= sign for neutral words
Eg:
PERDITION : -
A) Deterrent -
B) Rearrangement =
C) Reflection =
D) Salvation +
E) Rejection -
Friday, January 25, 2008
Analogies
i)Stem Pairs
Eg: MAP:ATLAS::
ii)Form a bridge
Weak Bridge:- contain words as
usually,can,might, or sometimes
Strong Bridge :- definite relationship
Always,never, or must
Use good elimination strategies
5 Classic bridges
Definition
Function/Purpose
Lack
Characteristic action/items
Degree
"Both are" analogies do not come under 'strong relationship'.
Eg: RING:NECKLACE which are both the types of jewellery.
To be correct, an answer choice must have a strong, clear relationship.It won't have a weak bridge.
Eg: MAP:ATLAS::
ii)Form a bridge
Weak Bridge:- contain words as
usually,can,might, or sometimes
Strong Bridge :- definite relationship
Always,never, or must
Use good elimination strategies
5 Classic bridges
Definition
Function/Purpose
Lack
Characteristic action/items
Degree
"Both are" analogies do not come under 'strong relationship'.
Eg: RING:NECKLACE which are both the types of jewellery.
To be correct, an answer choice must have a strong, clear relationship.It won't have a weak bridge.
Sentence Completions tips
Relationhips
Since- Stuctural(clue)
And-Similar
But-Opposite
Semicolon(;)-Closely related clauses
Straight-ahead clues
And, similarly,in addition,since,also,thus, because;(semicolon), and likewise
Detour Signs(opp.)-contradictions
But,despite,yet,however,unless,rather,although,while,unfortunately, and nonetheless
Since- Stuctural(clue)
And-Similar
But-Opposite
Semicolon(;)-Closely related clauses
Straight-ahead clues
And, similarly,in addition,since,also,thus, because;(semicolon), and likewise
Detour Signs(opp.)-contradictions
But,despite,yet,however,unless,rather,although,while,unfortunately, and nonetheless
Top 100 frequent list of words
Equivocal/Equivocate/Equivocation - Ambiguous, Open to 2 interpretations
Tractable(Intractable) - Obedient, Yielding
Placate(Implacable) - To soothe or pacify
Miser - Person extremely stingy
Engender - To Produce,cause, bring out
Dogma(tic)(tism)(tist) - Rigidly fixed in opinion , opinionated
Garrulous(Garrulity) - Very Talkative
Homogenous(Homogenize) - Composed of identical parts
Laconic - Using few words
Quiescence(Quiscent) - Inactivity,stillness
Anomalous - Irregular or deviating from the norm
Venerate(ion) - to respect
Assuage - To make less severe,ease,relieve
Misanthropic - Person who hates human beings
Digress(ive) - To stray from the main point
Corroborate(ion) - To confirm
Buttress -To support
Antipathy-Dislike,aversion
Disabuse-To free from error
Feigned(Unfeigned)-Pretended
Banal(ity)-Overly common
Desiccate(ion)-To dry out completely
Diatribe-Bitter verbal attack
Pedant(ic)(ry)-Uninspired,boring academic
Guile(less)-trickery
Eulogy(ize)-High praise,often in public
Fawn(ing)-To flatter excessively
Aberrant/aberration-Different from the usual or normal
Heresy/Heretic-Act opposed to established religious orthodoxy
Obdurate-Stubborn
Prevaricate(ion)-To lie
Embellish(ment)-To ornament
Pragmatic/Pragmatism-Practically moved by facts rather than abstract ideas
Precipitate-To cause to happen;To throw down from a height
Proximity-nearness
Profundity-Depth
Adulterate-To make impure
Sanction-Permission
Ameliorate-Improve
Anachronism/Anachronistic-Something chronologically inappropriate
Vindictive-Unforgiving
Propitiate-To win over
Aver-Affirm
Burgeon(ing)-To flourish or sprout
Commensurate-Proportional
Mitigate/Mitigation-To soften
Culpability-Responsibilty for wrong
Specious(ness)-Showy
Turpitude-A base act
Diffident/Diffidence-Shy,lacking confidence
Repudiate-To reject as having no authority
Discrete-Individually distinct
Obviate-To anticipate and prevent
Dissemble-To pretend
Implacable-Inflexible
Emulate-To copy
Complaiscance/Complaiscant-Disposition to please or comply
Enervate-To weaken
Latency-The condition of being present but hidden
Erudit(ion)-Learned,Scholarly
Espouse-To marry
Florid(ness)-Gaudy
Occlude-To shut
Harangue-A ranting writing or speech;lecture
Hieroglyph(ic)-Pictorial character
Iconoclast-One who attacks traditional beliefs
Impervious-Impossible to penetrate
Efficacy/Efficacious-Efficiency
Inchoate-Imperfectly formed
Loquacity/Loquacious-Talkative
Irascible(ility)-Easily angered
Ephemeral-momentary;transient
Laudable(tory)-Deserving of praise
Insipid-Lacking excitement
Magnanimity/Magnanimous-Generosity
Precarious(ly)-Uncertain
Endemic-Belonging to a particular area
Mollify-To calm
Rarefy/Rarefaction-To make thinner
Foster-To promote
Perennial-Present throughout the years
Malevolent-Causing evil or harm to others
Defer(ence)-To show respect
Precursor(y)-forerunner
Lucid-clear
Probity-Honesty
Abscond-To depart secretly
Propensity-Tendency
Audacious-Bold
Wheedle-To influence or entice by flattery
Prudent-Careful
Mundane-Commonplace
Diffuse-Widely spread out
Aggrandize-To make larger in power
Decimate-To reduce drastically
Succinct-Brief
Enigmat(ic)-A puzzle
Unfettered-Free
Ascetic-Self-denying
Cede-To yield
Goofing-Incompetent, foolish or stupid person
Loiter(Move Purposefully)- Stand around
Tractable(Intractable) - Obedient, Yielding
Placate(Implacable) - To soothe or pacify
Miser - Person extremely stingy
Engender - To Produce,cause, bring out
Dogma(tic)(tism)(tist) - Rigidly fixed in opinion , opinionated
Garrulous(Garrulity) - Very Talkative
Homogenous(Homogenize) - Composed of identical parts
Laconic - Using few words
Quiescence(Quiscent) - Inactivity,stillness
Anomalous - Irregular or deviating from the norm
Venerate(ion) - to respect
Assuage - To make less severe,ease,relieve
Misanthropic - Person who hates human beings
Digress(ive) - To stray from the main point
Corroborate(ion) - To confirm
Buttress -To support
Antipathy-Dislike,aversion
Disabuse-To free from error
Feigned(Unfeigned)-Pretended
Banal(ity)-Overly common
Desiccate(ion)-To dry out completely
Diatribe-Bitter verbal attack
Pedant(ic)(ry)-Uninspired,boring academic
Guile(less)-trickery
Eulogy(ize)-High praise,often in public
Fawn(ing)-To flatter excessively
Aberrant/aberration-Different from the usual or normal
Heresy/Heretic-Act opposed to established religious orthodoxy
Obdurate-Stubborn
Prevaricate(ion)-To lie
Embellish(ment)-To ornament
Pragmatic/Pragmatism-Practically moved by facts rather than abstract ideas
Precipitate-To cause to happen;To throw down from a height
Proximity-nearness
Profundity-Depth
Adulterate-To make impure
Sanction-Permission
Ameliorate-Improve
Anachronism/Anachronistic-Something chronologically inappropriate
Vindictive-Unforgiving
Propitiate-To win over
Aver-Affirm
Burgeon(ing)-To flourish or sprout
Commensurate-Proportional
Mitigate/Mitigation-To soften
Culpability-Responsibilty for wrong
Specious(ness)-Showy
Turpitude-A base act
Diffident/Diffidence-Shy,lacking confidence
Repudiate-To reject as having no authority
Discrete-Individually distinct
Obviate-To anticipate and prevent
Dissemble-To pretend
Implacable-Inflexible
Emulate-To copy
Complaiscance/Complaiscant-Disposition to please or comply
Enervate-To weaken
Latency-The condition of being present but hidden
Erudit(ion)-Learned,Scholarly
Espouse-To marry
Florid(ness)-Gaudy
Occlude-To shut
Harangue-A ranting writing or speech;lecture
Hieroglyph(ic)-Pictorial character
Iconoclast-One who attacks traditional beliefs
Impervious-Impossible to penetrate
Efficacy/Efficacious-Efficiency
Inchoate-Imperfectly formed
Loquacity/Loquacious-Talkative
Irascible(ility)-Easily angered
Ephemeral-momentary;transient
Laudable(tory)-Deserving of praise
Insipid-Lacking excitement
Magnanimity/Magnanimous-Generosity
Precarious(ly)-Uncertain
Endemic-Belonging to a particular area
Mollify-To calm
Rarefy/Rarefaction-To make thinner
Foster-To promote
Perennial-Present throughout the years
Malevolent-Causing evil or harm to others
Defer(ence)-To show respect
Precursor(y)-forerunner
Lucid-clear
Probity-Honesty
Abscond-To depart secretly
Propensity-Tendency
Audacious-Bold
Wheedle-To influence or entice by flattery
Prudent-Careful
Mundane-Commonplace
Diffuse-Widely spread out
Aggrandize-To make larger in power
Decimate-To reduce drastically
Succinct-Brief
Enigmat(ic)-A puzzle
Unfettered-Free
Ascetic-Self-denying
Cede-To yield
Goofing-Incompetent, foolish or stupid person
Loiter(Move Purposefully)- Stand around
GRE Verbals
GRE WORDS
--------------
Words in Context
Criticize/Criticism
Aspersion
Belittle
Berate
Calumny
Castigate
Chastise
Decry
Defamation
Deride/Derisive
Derogate
Diatribe
Disparage
Excoriate
Gainsay
Harangue
Impugn
Inveigh
Lambaste
Obloquy
Objurgate
Opprobrium
Oppugn
Pillory
Rebuke
Remonstrate
Reprehend
Reprove
Revile
Peruse
Vituperate
Concept of Falsehood
Fallacious
Erroneous -Incorrect
Mendacious -Lying
Apocryphal
Guile
Dissemble
Duplicity
Mendacity
Equivocate
Equivocation
Prevaricate
Prevarication
Specious
Spurious
Ersatz
Annoy
Aggravate
Irk
Irritate
Perturb
Vex, Vexatious
Beginner
Acolyte
neophyte
Novice
Proselyte - A new convert to a religion
Tyro
Foul
Festering
Fetid
Fulsome
Invidious
Noisome
Difficult to understand
Abstruse
Arcane
Enigmatic
Esoteric
inscrutable
Obscure
Opaque
Rarefied
Recondite
Turbid
Debauched/Debauchery
Bacchanalism
Depraved
Dissipated - Profligate
Iniquity
Libertine
Libidinous
Licentious
Reprobate
Ribald
Salacious
Sordid
Turpitude
Praise
Accolade
Aggrandize
Encomium
Eulogize
Extol
Laud/Laudatory
Venerate/Veneration
Biting(as in wit or temperament)
Acerbic
Acidulous
Acrimonius
Asperity
Caustic
Mordant
Mordacious
Trenchant
Render Useless/Weaken
Enervate
Obviate
Stultify
Undermine
Vitiate
HARMFUL
Baleful
Baneful
Deleterious
Inimical
Injurious
Insidious
Minatory
Perfidious
Pernicious
TIMID/TIMIDITY(Lacking Self-confidence)
Craven
Diffident
Pusillanimous
Recreant
Timorous
Trepidation
STUBBORN
Froward
Implacable
Inexorable
Intractable
Intransigent
Obdurate
Obstinate
Pertinacious
Recalcitrant
Refractory
Renitent
Untoward
BEGINNING/YOUNG
Burgeoning
Callow
Inchoate
Incipient
Nascent
OVERBLOWN/WORDY
Bombastic
Circumlocution
Garrulous
Grandiloquent
Loquacious
Periphrastic
prolix
Turgid
Hostile/one who is in hostile (Not friendly)
Antithetic
Churlish
Churmudgeon
Irascible
Malevolent
Misanthropic
Truculent
Vindictive
Cliched/Boring
Banal
Fatuous
Hackneyed
Insipid
Mundane
Pedestrian
Platitude
Prosaic
Quotidian
Trite
Facile - Easily achieved or done
Squander -Waste
Precipitous -Rash
Sublime -High or noble
Transient -Temporary
Etrenal -Permanent
Countenance-Appprove
Raffish -Vulgar.
--------------
Words in Context
Criticize/Criticism
Aspersion
Belittle
Berate
Calumny
Castigate
Chastise
Decry
Defamation
Deride/Derisive
Derogate
Diatribe
Disparage
Excoriate
Gainsay
Harangue
Impugn
Inveigh
Lambaste
Obloquy
Objurgate
Opprobrium
Oppugn
Pillory
Rebuke
Remonstrate
Reprehend
Reprove
Revile
Peruse
Vituperate
Concept of Falsehood
Fallacious
Erroneous -Incorrect
Mendacious -Lying
Apocryphal
Guile
Dissemble
Duplicity
Mendacity
Equivocate
Equivocation
Prevaricate
Prevarication
Specious
Spurious
Ersatz
Annoy
Aggravate
Irk
Irritate
Perturb
Vex, Vexatious
Beginner
Acolyte
neophyte
Novice
Proselyte - A new convert to a religion
Tyro
Foul
Festering
Fetid
Fulsome
Invidious
Noisome
Difficult to understand
Abstruse
Arcane
Enigmatic
Esoteric
inscrutable
Obscure
Opaque
Rarefied
Recondite
Turbid
Debauched/Debauchery
Bacchanalism
Depraved
Dissipated - Profligate
Iniquity
Libertine
Libidinous
Licentious
Reprobate
Ribald
Salacious
Sordid
Turpitude
Praise
Accolade
Aggrandize
Encomium
Eulogize
Extol
Laud/Laudatory
Venerate/Veneration
Biting(as in wit or temperament)
Acerbic
Acidulous
Acrimonius
Asperity
Caustic
Mordant
Mordacious
Trenchant
Render Useless/Weaken
Enervate
Obviate
Stultify
Undermine
Vitiate
HARMFUL
Baleful
Baneful
Deleterious
Inimical
Injurious
Insidious
Minatory
Perfidious
Pernicious
TIMID/TIMIDITY(Lacking Self-confidence)
Craven
Diffident
Pusillanimous
Recreant
Timorous
Trepidation
STUBBORN
Froward
Implacable
Inexorable
Intractable
Intransigent
Obdurate
Obstinate
Pertinacious
Recalcitrant
Refractory
Renitent
Untoward
BEGINNING/YOUNG
Burgeoning
Callow
Inchoate
Incipient
Nascent
OVERBLOWN/WORDY
Bombastic
Circumlocution
Garrulous
Grandiloquent
Loquacious
Periphrastic
prolix
Turgid
Hostile/one who is in hostile (Not friendly)
Antithetic
Churlish
Churmudgeon
Irascible
Malevolent
Misanthropic
Truculent
Vindictive
Cliched/Boring
Banal
Fatuous
Hackneyed
Insipid
Mundane
Pedestrian
Platitude
Prosaic
Quotidian
Trite
Facile - Easily achieved or done
Squander -Waste
Precipitous -Rash
Sublime -High or noble
Transient -Temporary
Etrenal -Permanent
Countenance-Appprove
Raffish -Vulgar.
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