Wednesday, November 5, 2008

Other Math Notes

1) Integers

I= { .., -3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3,..}

2) 6.25% of 80 in which No. 80 is called the BASE of the exponent.

3) If quantity increase from 600 to 750, then % increase would be:

150
-----X 100 = 25%
600

If quantity decrease from 500 to 400, then % decrease would be:

100
-----X 100 = 20%
500

4) For any 2 positive numbers x,y; where x

y is

( y-x)100
--------- % greater than x
x

x is

(y-x)100
---------- % less than y
y

5) o(Zero) to the power o(zero) is undefined.

6) Inequalities reversed if the constant is negative and is multiplied on both sides of the equation.

7) A straight line is a graph of a linear equation of the form y=mx+b
where m-> slope of the line passing through points P(x1,y1) & Q(x2,y2) and 'b' is called the y-intercept, m=
y1-y2
-------- (x1 != x2)
x1-x2

8) i) An even number times any integer yield an even Number.
ii) An odd number times an odd number yield an odd number.
iii) Two even Nos. or 2 odd Nos. added together yield an even No.
iv) An odd No. added to an even No. will yield an odd No.

9) Convex Polygon:
----------------- Measure of each interior angle of the polygon is less than 180 deg.

10) The sum of the measures of the interior angles of an n-sided polygon is (n-2) 180 deg.

11) The length of the sides of an isosceles triangle are in the ratio 1 to 1 to Sq.Root(2).

12) The lengths of the sides of 30-60-90 right triangle are in the ratio 1 to Sq.Root(3) to 2.

13) Area of a trapezoid (Only one pair of opp. sides parallel) =
(b1 + b2) h
------------
2
where b1 and b2 are the parallel sides.

14) Length of an arc( in a circle) Arc Measure ( in degrees)
----------------------------- = ----------------------------
Circumference 360


15) Also, Area of sector Arc Measure (in degrees)
---------------------= ---------------------------
Area of entire circle 360

16) Cube
------ Surface Area = 2(lb+bh+lh)

17) Cylinder
--------- Surface Area = 2 pi. r (r + h)

18) Mean- Average
Median - Mid Value
Mode- Most frequently occuring value
Range -Simplest measure of dispersion= (greatest -least) measurement.

19) Standard Deviation : i) Find Mean.
ii) Difference between mean and each measure.
iii) Square each of them.
iv) Sum squared values.
v) Divide the sum by 'n'.
vi) Take the non (-ve) sq. root of quotient.

20) The No. of different committees of 3 people that can be selected from 5 people is
5 !
--------
(5-3)! 3!

5!
=------
2! 3!

120
=-------
2X6

=10

21) In any "staircase", the perimeter is just twice the sum of the height and the length.

22) If the side of a square is 'a', it's diagonal is a X Sq. Root(2).

23) Area of an equilateral triangle is
2
Sq. Root (3) X a
-----------------------
4

24) The sum of the first 'n' positive integers is n(n+1)
--------.
2


-----------------------------------
25) + & - Even Odd
-----------------------------------
Even Even Odd
-----------------------------------
Odd Odd Even
-----------------------------------

-----------------------------------------
X Even Odd
----------------------------------------
Even Even Even
----------------------------------------
Odd Even Odd
----------------------------------------

Prime or Non-Prime Number

First 10 prime Numbers : 2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19,23 and 29.

Non-prime:

a) 14 (as it has 4 divisors-1,2,7,14)

b) 1 is not prime as only one positive divisor.

Quantitative Comparisons

Pay attention when the expression comparison is between a fraction or a negative number.

Plug in 1, 0(zero), a in the expression suitably.

Sunday, March 30, 2008

Root List - V

1. VAC - Empty.
Vacant, Evacuate, Vacuous.

2. VAL , VAIL - Value, Strength.
Valid, Valor, Ambivalent, Covalescence, Avail, Prevail, Countervail.

3. VEN, VENT - Come.
Convene, Contravene, Intervene, Venue, Convention, Circumvent, Advent, Adventitious.

4. VER - True.
Verify, Verity, Verisimilitude, Veracious, Aver, Verdict.

5. VERB - Word.
Verbal, Verbose, Verbiage, Verbatim.

6. VICT, VINC - Conquer.
Victory, Conviction, Evict, Evince, Invincible.

7. VID, VIS - See.
Evident, Vision, Visage, Supervise.

8. VIL - Base, Mean.
Vile, Vilify, Revile.

9. VIV, VIT - Life.
Vivid, Vital, Convivial, Vivacious.

10. VOC, VOK, VOW - Call, Word.
Vocal, Equivocate, Vociferous, Convoke, Evoke, Invoke, Avow.

11. VOL - Wish.
Voluntary, Malevolent, Benevolent, Volition.

12. VOLV, VOLUT - Turn, Roll.
Revolve, Evolve, Convoluted.

13. VOR - Eat.
Devour, Carnivore, Omnivorous, Voracious.

Wednesday, February 6, 2008

Root List - U

1. UMBR - Shadow.
Umbrella, Umbrage, Adumbrate, Penumbra.

2. UNI, UN - One.
Unify, Unilateral, Unanimous.

3. URB - City.
Urban, Suburban, Urbane.

Root List - T

1. TACIT, TIC - Silent.
Tacit, Taciturn, Reticent.

2. TACT, TAG, TANG - Touch.
Tact, Tactile, Contagious, Tangent, Tangential, Tangible.

3. TEN, TIN, TAIN - Hold, Twist.
Detention, Tenable, Tenacious, Pertinacious, Retinue, Retain.

4. TEND, TENS, TENT - Stretch.
Intend, Distend, Tension, Tensile, Ostensible, Contentious.

5. TERM - End.
Terminal, Terminus, Terminate, Interminable.

6. TERR - Earth, Land.
Terrain, Terrestrial, Extraterrestrial, Subterranean.

7. TEST - Witness.
Tesify, Attest, Testimonial, Testament, Detest, Protestation.

8. THE - God.
Atheist, Theology, Apotheosis, Theocracy.

9. THERM - Heat.
Thermometer, Thermal, Thermonuclear, Hypothermia.

10. TIM - Fear, Frightened.
Timid, Intimidate, Timorous.

11. TOP - Place.
Topic, Topography, Utopia.

12. TORP - Stiff, Numb.
Torpedo, Torpid, Torpor.

13. TORT - Twist.
Distort, Extort, Tortuous.

14. TOX - Poison.
Toxic, Toxin, Intoxication.

15. TRACT - Draw.
Tractor, Intractable, Protract.

16. TRANS - Across, Over, Through, Beyond.
Transport, Transgress, Transient, Transitory, Translucent, Transmutation.

17. TREM, TREP - Shake.
Tremble, Tremor, Tremulous, Trepidation, Intrepid.

18. TURB - Shake.
Disturb, Turbulent, Perturbation.

Root List - S

1. SACR, SANCT - Holy.
Sacred, Sacrilege, Consecrate, Sanctify, Sanction, Sacrosanct.

2. SCRIB, SCRIPT, SCRIV - Write.
Scribe, Ascribe, Circumscribe, Inscribe, Proscribe, Script, Manuscript, Scrivener.

3. SE - Apart, Away.
Separate, Segregate, Secede, Sedition.

4. SEC, SECT, SEG - Cut.
Sector, Dissect, Bisect, Intersect, Segment, Secant.

5. SED, SID - Sit.
Sedate, Sedentary, Supersede, Reside, Residence, Assiduous, Insidious.

6. SEM - Seed, Sow.
Seminar, Seminal, Disseminate.

7. SEN - Old.
Senior, Senile, Senescent.

8. SENT, SENS - Feel, Think.
Sentiment, Nonsense, Assent, Sentient, Consensus, Sensual.

9. SEQU, SECU - Follow.
Sequence, Sequel, Subsequent, Obsequious, Obsequy, Nonsequitur, Consecutive.

10. SIGN - Mark, Sign.
Signal, Designation, Assignation.

11. SIM, SEM - Similar, Same.
Similar, Semblance, Dissemble, Verisimilitude.

12. SIN - Curve.
Sine curve, Sinuous, Insinuate.

13. SOL - Sun.
Solar, Parasol, Solarium, Solstice.

14. SOL - Alone.
Solo, Solitude, Soliloquy, Solipsism.

15. SOMN - Sleep.
Insomnia, Somnolent, Somnambulist.

16. SON - Sound.
Sonic, Consonance, Dissonance, Assonance, Sonorous, Resonate.

17. SOPH - Wisdom.
Philosopher, Sophistry, Sophisticated, Sophomoric.

18. SPEC, SPIC - See, Look.
Spectator, Circumspect, Retrospective, Perspective, Perspicacious.

19. SPER - Hope.
Prosper, Prosperous, Despair, Desperate.

20. SPERS, SPAR - Scatter.
Disperse, Sparse, Aspersion, Disparate.

21. SPIR - Breathe.
Respire, Inspire, Spiritual, Aspire, Transpire.

22. STRICT, STRING - Bind.
Strict, Stricture, Constrict, Stringent, Astringent.

23. SUB - Under.
Subconscious, Subjugate, Subliminal, Subpoena, Subsequent, Subterranean, Subvert.

24. SUMM - Highest.
Summit, Summary, Consummate.

25. SUPER, SUR - Above.
Supervise, Supercilious, Supercede, Superannuated, Superfluous, Insurmountable, Surfeit.

26. SURGE, SURRECT - Rise.
Surge, Resurgent, Insurgent, Insurrection.

27. SYN, SYM - Together.
Synthesis, Sympathy, Synonym, Syncopation, Synopsis, Symposium, Symbiosis.

Root List - R

1. RADI, RAMI - Branch.
Radius, Radiate, Radiant, Eradicate, Ramification.

2. RECT, REG - Straight, Rule.
Rectangle, Rectitude, Rectify, Regular.

3. REG - King, Rule.
Regal, Regent, Interregnum.

4. RETRO - Backward.
Retrosphere, Retroactive, Retrograde.

5. RID, RIS - Laugh.
Ridiculous, Deride, Derision.

6. ROG -Ask.
Interrogate, Derogatory, Abrogate, Arrogate, Arrogant.

7. RUD - Rough, Crude.
Rude, Erudite, Rudimentary.

8. RUPT - Break.
Disrupt, Interrupt, Rupture.

Root List - Q

1. QUAD, QUAR, QUAT - Four.
Quadrilateral, Quadrant, Quadruped, Quarter, Quarantine, Quaternary.

2. QUES, QUER, QUIS, QUIR - Question.
Quest, Inquest, Query, Querulous, Inquisitive, Inquiry.

3. QUIE - Quiet.
Disquiet, Acquiesce, Quiescent, Requiem.

4. QUINT, QUIN - Five.
Quintuplets, Quintessence.

Tuesday, February 5, 2008

Root List - P

1. PAC - Peace.
Pacify, Pacifist, Pacific.

2. PALP - Feel.
Palpable, Palpitation.

3. PAN - All.
Panorama, Panacea, Panegyric, Pandemic, Panoply.

4. PATER, PATR - Father.
Paternal, Paternity, Patriot, Compatriot, Expatriate, Patrimony, Patricide, Patrician.

5. PATH, PASS - Feel, Suffer.
Sympathy, Antipathy, Empathy, Apathy, Pathos, Impassioned.

6. PEC - Money.
Pecuniary, Impecunous, Peculation.

7. PED, POD - Foot.
Pedestrian, Pedinent, Expedient, Biped, Quadruped, Tripod.

8. PEL, PULS - Drive.
Compel, Compelling, Expel, Propel, Compulsion.

9. PEN - Almost.
Peninsula, Penultimate, Penumbra.

10. PEND, PENS - Hang.
Pendant, Pendulous, Compendium, Suspense, Propensity.

11. PER - Through, By, For, Throughout.
Perambulator, Percipient, Perfunctory, Permeable, Perspicacious, Pertinacious, Perturbation, Perusal, Perennial, Peregrinate.

12. PER - Against, Destruction.
Perfidious, Pernicious, Perjure.

13. PERI - Around.
Perimeter, Periphery, Perihelion, Peripatetic.

14. PET - Seek, Go toward.
Petition, Impetus, Impetuous, Petulant, Centripetal.

15. PHIL - Love.
Philosopher, Philanderer, Philanthropy, Bibliophile, Philology.

16. PHOB - Fear.
Phobia, Claustrophobia, Xenophobia.

17. PHON - Sound.
Phonograph, Megaphone, Euphony, Phonetics, Phonics.

18. PLAC - Calm, Please.
Placate, Implacable, Placid, Complascent.

19. PON, POS - Put, Place.
Postpone, Preponent, Exponent, Preposition, Posit, Interpose, Juxtaposition, Depose.

20. PORT - Carry.
Portable, Deportment, Rapport.

21. POT - Drink.
Potion, Potabe.

22. POT - Power.
Potential, Potent, Impotent, Potentate, Omnipotence.

23. PRE - Before.
Precede, Precipitate, Preclude, Precocious, Precursor, Predilection, Predisposition, Preponderance, Prepossessing, Presage, Prescient, Prejudice, Predict, Premonition, Preposition.

24.PRIM, PRI - First.
Prime, Primary, Primal, Primeval, Primordial, Pristine.

25. PRO - Ahead, Forth.
Proceed, Proclivity, Procrastination, Profane, Profuse, Progenitor, Progeny, Prognosis, Prologue, Promontory, Prope, Proponent, Propose, Proscribe, Protestation, Provoke.

26. PROTO - First.
Prototype, Protagonist, Protocol.

27. PROX, PROP - Near.
Approximate, Propinquity, Proximity.

28. PSEUDO - False.
Pseudoscientific, Pseudonym.

29. PYR - Fire.
Pyre, Pyrotechnics, Pyromania.

Root List - O

1. OB - Against.
Obstruct, Obdurate, Obfuscate, Obnoxious, Obsequious, Obstinate, Obstreperous, Obstrusive.

2. OMNI - All.
Omnipresent, Omnipotent, Omniscient, Omnivorous.

3. ONER - Burden.
Onerous, Onus, Exonerate.

4. OPER - Work.
Operate, Cooperate, Inoperable.

Root List - N

1. NAT, NASC - Born.
Native, Nativity, Natal, Neonate, Innate, Cognate, Nascent, Renascent, Renaissance.

2. NAU, NAV - Ship, Sailor.
Nautical, Nauseous, Navy, Circumnavigate.

3. NEG - Not, Deny.
Negative, Abnegate, Renege.

4. NEO - New.
Neoclassical, Neophyte, Neologism, Neonate.

5. NIHIL - None, Nothing.
Annihilation, Nihilism.

6. NOM, NYM - Name.
Nominate, Nomenclature, Nomical, Cognomen, Misnomer, Ignominious, Antonym, Homonym, Pseudonym, Synonym, Anonymity.

7. NOX, NIC, NEC, NOC - Harm.
Obnoxious, Noxious, Pernicious, Internecine, Innocuous.

8. NOV - New.
Novelty, Innovation, Novitiate.

9. NUMER - Number.
Numeral, Numerous, Innumerable, Enumerate.

Root List - M

1. MACRO - Great.
Macrocosm, Macrobiotics.

2. MAG, MAJ, MAS, MAX - Great.
Magnify, Majesty, Master, Maximum, Magnanimous, Magnate, Magnitude.

3. MAL - Bad.
Malady, Maladroit, Malevolent, Malodorous.

4. MAN - Hand.
Manual, Manuscript, Emancipate, Manifest.

5. MAR - Sea.
Submarine, Marine, Maritime.

6. MATER, MATR - Mother.
Maternal, Matron, Matrilineal.

7. MEDI - Middle.
Intermediary, Medieval, Mediate.

8. MEGA - Great.
Megaphone, Megalomania, Megaton, Megalith.

9. MEM, MEN - Remember.
Memory, Memento, Memorabilia, Reminisce.

10. METER, METR, MENS - Measure.
Meter, Thermometer, Perimeter, Metronome, Commensurate.

11. MICRO - Small.
Microscope, Microorganism, Microcosm, Microbe.

12. MIS - Wrong, Bad, Hate.
Misunderstand, Misanthrope, Misapprehension, Misconstrue, Misnomer, Mishap.

13. MIT, MIS - Send.
Transmit, Emit, Missive.

14. MOLL - Soft.
Mollify, Emollient, Mollusk.

15. MON, MONIT - Warn.
Admonish, Monitor, Premonition.

16. MONO - One.
Monologue, Monotonous, Monogamy, Monolith, Monochrome.

17. MOR - Custom, Manner.
Moral, Mores.

18. MOR, MORT - Dead.
Morbid, Moribund, Mortal, Amortize.

19. MORPH - Shape.
Amorphous, Anthropomorphic, Metamorphosis, Morphology.

20. MOV, MOT, MOB, MOM - Move.
Remove, Motion, Mobile, Momentum, Momentous.

21. MUT - Change.
Mutate, Mutability, Immutable, Commute.

Root List - L

1. LAT - Side.
Lateral, Collateral, Unilateral, Bilateral, Quadrilateral.

2. LAV, LAU, LU - Wash.
Lavatory, Laundry, Ablution, Antediluvian.

3. LEG, LEC, LEX - Read, Speak.
Legible, Lecture, Lexicon.

4. LEV - Light.
Elevate, Levitate, Levity, Alleviate.

5. LIBER - Free.
Liberty, Liberal, Libertarian, Libertine.

6. LIG, LECT - Choose, Gather.
Eleigible, Elect, Select.

7. LIG, LI, LY - Bind.
Ligament, Oblige, Religion, Liable, Liaison, Lien, Ally.

8. LING, LANG - Tongue.
Lingo, Language, Linguistics, Bilingual.

9. LITTER - Letter.
Literate, Alliteration, Literal.

10. LITH - Stone.
Monolith, Lithograph, Megalith.

11. LOQU, LOC, LOG - Speech, Thought.
Eloquent, Loquacious, Colloquial, Colloquy, Soliloquy, Circumlocution, Interlocutor, Monologue, Dialogue, Eulogy, Philology, Neologism.

12. LUC, LUM - Light.
Lucid, Illuminate, Elucidate, Pellucid, Translucent.

13. LUD, LUS - Play.
Ludicrous, Allude, Delusion, Allusion, Illusory.

Root List - J

1. JECT, JET - Throw.
Eject, Interject, Abject, Trajectory, Jettison.

2. JOUR - Day.
Journal, Adjourn, Sojourn.

3. JUD - Judge.
Judge, Judicious, Prejudice, Adjudicate.

4. JUNCT, JUG - Join.
Junction, Adjunct, Injunction, Conjugal, Subjugate.

5. JUR - Swear, Law.
Jury, Abjure, Adjure, Conjure, Perjure, Jurisprudence.

Root List - I

1. IN, IG, IL, IM, IR - Not.
Incorrigible, Indefatigable, Indelible, Indubitable, Inept, Inert, Inexorable, Insatiable, Insentinent, Insolvent, Insomnia, Interminable, Intractable, Incessant, Inextricable, Infallible, Infamy, Innumerable, Inoperable, Insipid, Intemperate, Intrepid, Inviolable, Ignorant, Ignominious, Ignoble, Illicit, Illiminable, Immaculate, Immutable, Impasse, Impeccable, Impecunious, Impertinent, Implacable, Impotent, Impregnable, Improvident, Impassioned, Impervious, Irregular, Invade, Inaugurate, Incandescent, Incarcerate, Incense, Indenture, Induct, Ingratiate, Introvert, Incarnate, Inception, Incisive, Infer.

2. IN, IL, IM, IR - In, On, Into.
Infusion, Ingress, Innate, Inquest, Inscribe, Insinuate, Inter, Illustrate, Imbue, Immerse, Implicate, Irrigate, Irritate.

3. INTER - Between, Among.
Intercede, Intercept, Interdiction, Interject, Interlocutor, Interloper, Intermediary, Intermittent, Interpolate, Interpose, Interregnum, Interrogate, Intersect, Intervene.

4. INTRA, INTR - Within.
Intrastate, Intravenous, Intramural, Intrinsic.

5. IT, ITER - Between, Among.
Transit, Itinerant, Reiterate, Transitory.

Root List - H

1. HABIT, HIBIT - Have, Hold.
Habit, Inhibit, Cohabit, Habitat.

2. HAP - By chance.
Happen, Haphazard, Hapless, Mishap.

3. HELIO, HELI - Sun.
Heliocentric, Helium, Heliotrope, Aphelion, Perihelion.

4. HETERO - Other.
Heterosexual, Heterogeneous, Heterodox.

5. HOL - Whole.
Holocaust, Catholic, Holistic.

6. HOMO - Same.
Homosexual, Homogenize, Homogeneous, Homonym.

7. HOMO - Man.
Homosapiens, Homicide, Bonhomie.

8.HYDR - Water.
Hydrant, Hydrate, Dehydration.

9.HYPER - Too much, Excess.
Hyperactive, Hydrate, Hyperventilate.

10. HYPO - Too little, Under.
Hypodermic, Hypothermia, Hypochondria,Hypothesis, Hypothetical.

Root List - G

1. GEN - Birth, Class, Kin.
Generation, Congenital, Homogeneous, Heterogeneous, Ingenious, Engender, Progenitor, Progeny.

2. GRAD, GRESS - Step.
Graduate, Gradual, Retrograde, Centigrade, Degrade, Gradation, Gradient, Progress, Congress, Digress, Transgress, Ingress, Egress.

3. GRAPH, GRAM - Writing.
Biography, Bibliography, Epigraph, Grammar, Epigram.

4. GRAT - Pleasing.
Grateful, Gratitude, Gratis, Ingrate, Congratulate, Gratuitous, Gratuity.

5. GRAV, GRIEV - Heavy.
Grave, Gravity, Aggravate, Grieve, Aggrieve, Grievous.

6. GREG - Crowd, Flock.
Segregate, Greagrious, Egregious, Congregate, Aggregate.

Root List - F

1. FAC, FIC, FECT, FY, FEA - Make, Do.
Factory, Facility, Benefactor, Malefactor, Fiction, Fictive, Beneficient, Affect, Confection, Refectory, Magnify, Unify, Rectify, Vilify, Feasible.

2. FAL, FALS - Deceive.
False, Infallible, Fallacious.

3. FERV - Boil.
Fervent, Fervid, Effervescent.

4. FID - Faith, Trust.
Confident, Diffidence, Perfidious, Fidelity.

5. FLU, FLUX - Flow.
Fluent, Flux, Affluent, Confluence, Effluvia, Superfluous.

6. FORE - Before.
Forecast, Foreboding, Forestall.

7. FRAG, FRAC - Break.
Fragment, Fracture, Diffract, Fractious, Refract.

8. FUS - Pour.
Profuse, Infusion, Effusive, Diffuse.

Root List - E

1. EGO - Self.
Ego, Egoist, Egocentric.

2. EN, EM - in, into.
Enter, Entice, Encumber, Endemic, Ensconce, Enthrall, Entreat, Embellish, Embezzle, Embroil, Empathy.

3. ERR - Wander.
Erratic, Aberration, Errant.

4. EU - Well, Good.
Eulogy, Euphemism, Euphony, Euphoria, Eurythmics, Euthanasia.

5. EX, E - Out, Out of.
Exit, Exacerbate, Except, Excommunicate, Exculpate, Execrable, Exhume, Exonerate, Exorbitant, Exorcise, Expatriate, Expedient, Expiate, Expunge, Extenvate, Extort, Extremity, Extricate, Extrinsic, Exult, Evoke, Evict, Evince, Elicit, Egress, Egregious.

Root List - D

1. DE - Down, Out, Apart.
Depart, Debase, Debilitate, Declivity, Decry, Deface, Defamatory, Defunct, Delegate, Demarcation, Demean, Demur, Deplete, Deplore, Depravity, Deprecate, Deride, Derivative, Desist, Detest, Devoid.

2. DEC - Ten, Tenth.
Decade, Decimal, Decathlon, Decimate.

3. DEMO, DEM - People.
Democrat, Demographics, Demogogue, Epidemic, Pandemic, Endemic.

4. DI, DIURN - Day.
Diary, Diurnal, Quotidian.

5. DIA - Across.
Diagonal, Diatribe, Diaphanous.

6. DIC, DICT - Speak.
Diction, Interdict, Predict, Abdicate, Indict, Verdict.

7. DIS, DIF, DI - Not, Apart, Away.
Disaffected, Disband, Disbar, Disburse, Discern, Discordant, Discredit, Discursive, Disheveled, Disparage, Disparate, Dispassionate, Dispirit, Dissemble, Disseminate, Dissension, Dissipate, Dissonant, Dissuade, Distend, Differentiate, Diffidence, Diffuse, Digree, Divert.

8. DOC, DOCT - Teach.
Doctrine, Docile, Doctrinaire,

9. DOL - Pain.
Condolence, Doleful, Dolorous, Indolent.

10. DUCT, DUC - Lead.
Seduce, Induce, Conduct, Viaduct, Induct.

Root List - C

1. CAD, CAS, CID - Happen, Fall.
Accident, Cadence, Cascade, Deciduous.

2. CAP, CIP - Head.
Captain, Decapitate, Capitulate, Precipitous, Precipitate.

3. CAP, CAPT, CEPT, CIP - Take, Hold, Seize.
Capable, Capacious, Recapitulate, Captivate, Deception, Intercept, Precept, Inception, Anticipate, Emancipation, Incipient, Percipient.

4. CARN - Flesh.
Carnal, Carnage, Carnival, Carnivorous, Incarnate.

5. CED, CESS - Yield, Go.
Cease, Cessation, Incessant, Cede, Precede, Accede, Recede, Antecedent, Intercede, Secede, Cession.

6. CHROM - Color.
Chrome, Chronic, Monochrome.

7. CHRON - Time.
Chronology, Chronic, Anachronism.

8. CIDE - Murder.
Suicide, Homicide, Regicide, Patricide.

9. CIRCUM - Around.
Circumference, Circumlocution, Circumnavigate, Circumscribe, Circumspect, Circumvent.

10. CLIN, CLIV - Slope.
Incline, Declivity, Proclivity.

11. CLUD, CLUS, CLAUS, CLOIS - Shut, Close.
Conclude, Reclusive, Claustrophobia, Cloister, Preclude, Occlude.

12. CO, COM, CON - With, Together.
Coeducation, Coagulate, Coalesce, Coerce, Cogent, Cognate, Collateral, Colloquial, Colloquy, Commensurate, Commodious, Compassion, Compatriot, Complacent, Compliant, Complicity, Compunction, Concrete, Conciliatory, Concord, Concur, Condone, Conflagration, Congeal, Congenial, Congenital, Conglomerate, Conjure, Conjugal, Conscientious, Consecrate, Consensus, Consonant, Constrained, Constentious, Contrite, Contusion, Convalescence, Convene, Convivial, Convoke, Convoluted, Congress.

13. COGN, GNO - Know.
Recognize, Cognition, Cognizance, Incognite, Diagnosis, Agnostic, Prognosis, Gnostic, Ignorant.

14. CONTRA - Against.
Controversy, Incontrovertible, Contravene.

15. CORP - Body.
Corpse, Corporeal, Corpulence.

16. COSMO, COSM - World.
Cosmopolitan, Cosmos, Microcosm, Macrocosm.

17. CRAC, CRAT - Rule, Power.
Democracy, Bureaucracy, Theocracy, Autocrat, Aristocrat, Technocrat.

18. CRED - Trust, Believe.
Incredible, Credulous, Credence.

19. CRESC, CRET - Grow.
Crescent, Crescendo, Accretion.

20. CULP - Blame, Fault.
Culprit, Culpable, Inculpate, Exculpate.

21. CURR, CURS - Run.
Current, Concur, Cursory, Precursor, Incursion.

Root List - B

1. BELLI, BELL - War.
Belligerent, Bellicose, Antebellum, Rebellion.

2. BENE, BEN - Good.
Benevolent, Benefactor, Beneficient, Benign.

3. BI - Two.
Bicycle, Bisect, Bilateral, Bilingual, Biped.

4. BIBLIO - Book.
Bible, Bibliograpghy, Bibliophile.

5. BIO - Life.
Biography, Biology, Amphibious, Symbiotic, Macrobotics.

6. BURS - Money, Purse.
Reimburse, Disburse, Bursar.

Root List - A

1. A, AN - not, without.
Amoral, Atrophy, Asymmetrical, Anarchy, Anesthetic, Anonymity, Anomaly.

2. AB, A - From, Away, Apart.
Abnormal, Abdicate, Aberration, Abhor, Abject, Abjure, Ablution, Abnegate, Abortive, Abrogate, Abscond, Absolute, Abstemious, Abstruse, Annul, Avert, Aversion.

3. AC, ACR - Sharp, Sour.
Acid, Acerbic, Exacerbate, Acute, Acuity, Acumen, Acrid, Acrimony.

4. AD, A - To, Toward.
Adhere, Adjacent, Adjunct, Admonish, Adroit, Adumbrate, Advent, Abeyance, Abet, Accede, Accretion, Acquiesce, Affluent, Aggrandize, Aggregate, Alleviate, Alliteration, Allude, Allure, Ascribe, Aspersion, Aspire, Assail, Assonance, Attest.

5. ALI, ALTR - Another.
Alias, Alienate, Inalienable, Altruism.

6. AM, AMI - Love.
Amorous, Amicable, Amiable, Amity.

7. AMBI, AMPHI - Both.
Ambiguous, Ambivalent, Ambidextrous, Amphibious.

8. AMBL, AMBUL - Walk.
Amble, Ambulatory, Perambulator, Somnambulist.

9. ANIM - Mind, Spirit, Breath.
Animal, Animosity, Unanimous, Magnanimous.

10. ANN, ENN - Year.
Annual, Annuity, Superannuated, Biennial, Perennial.

11. ANTE, ANT - Before.
Antecedent, Antediluvian, Antebellum, Antepenultimate, Anterior, Antiquity, Antiquated, Anticipate.

12. ANTHROP - Human.
Anthropology, Anthropomorphic, Misanthrope, Philanthropy.

13. ANTI, ANT - Against, Opposite.
Antidote, Antipathy, Antithesis, Antacid, Antalogist, Antonym.

14. AUD - Hear.
Audio, Audience, Audition, Auditory, Audible.

15. AUTO - Self.
AutoBiography, Autocrat, Autonomous.

Wednesday, January 30, 2008

Verbal Practice Set

1.Adaptation:
An act of taking a creative work like a play and moving it into another medium.

2. Ingenuity -Inventively talented

3. Deceit - Lying

4. Vitriol - Sarcastic criticism in literature

5. Profound - Depth

6. Poignancy - The qlty of affecting the emotions in a heartfelt way.

7. Pejoratives - Disparaging Remarks.

8. Anachronisms - Obsolete.

9. Provinciality(Parochial) -Limited Pt. of view or a rough-hewn unsophistication associated with those living in provinces.

10. Rusticity - Country lifestyle.

11. Piqued - Aroused, Excited.

12. Misapprehended - Misunderstood.

13. One who vegetates - Inert or not active.
Vegetables - Inactive living things.
Vegout - To stagnate, not think or do anything.

14. Proponent - Someone who argues in favor of some idea or practice.

15. Traitor - Doesn't support his particular country.

16. Attorney - Support the law.

17. Species - Category of living things known as organisms.

18. Genre - A type of literature.

19. Mystery - A type of book.

20. Discharged - Duty is up and released.

21. Docked(money) -withheld from an employee, as punishment for poor work.

22. Laceration - Large Cut.

23. Slit - A tiny crack, cut.

24. Blisters - Often smaller sores than boils.

25. Outfox - To defeat out over him by superior strategy.

26. Outrun - by superior speed.

27. Specific kinds of outdoing - Outfoxing, Outrunning and Outlasting.

28. Coax -Persuade Someone.

29. Blandishments - A series of flattering and cajoling actions and speeches.

30. Platitudes - Trite, dull remarks.

31. A person is called a noble because he or she is titled. Eg: Sir, Lord or Squire.

32. Deposed Ruler - One who has been kicked out.

33. Revelatory - Persuasive though incomplete.

34. Zeal - Enthusiasm.

35. Apathy - similar to indifference or the actual correct response.

36. Erroneous - Incorrect.

37. Cognizant - to be aware.

38. Oblivious - Unaware.

39. Obsequious - Overly flattering.

40. Bawdy - Racy.

41. Prudish - Proper.

42. Superfluous - Unnecessary.

43. Gaunt - Thin.

44. Ethereal - Heavenly or Immaterial.

45. Legitimate - Legal or authentic.

46. Abet - To aid or assist.

47. Deter- Hinder.

48. Dispassionate - Unbiased.

49. Partisan - Biased.

50. Sentient - Conscious or aware.

51. Stoic - Expressionless or Impassive.

52. Panegyric - Formal or elaborate praise in writing or oration.

53. Prolix - Wordy.

54. Pithy - To the point.

Keywords in Reading Comprehension

CONTRADICTION
However
But
Yet
On the other hand
Rather
Instead

SUPPORT
For Example
One reason that
In addition
Also
Moreover
Consequently

EMPHASIS
Of primary importance
Especially important
Of particular interest
Crucial
Critical
Remarkable

If a para contains a contrast word, the topic sentence will almost always be that sentence or the next.


3 common reading Comp Question Types

1) Global scope
2) Explicit detail &
3) Inference


Global scope is the entire passage scanning the verbs and adjectives narrow down the options quickly.
Wrong choices play on some side issue discussed at the tail end of the passage.

STRUCTURE QUESTIONS
Eg: Which of the following best describes the organisation of the passage?

Ask Yourself:
"Was there a hypothesis here?"
"Was there an evaluation of a proposal or a defense of a viewpoint?"

Tone Question(How the author expresses)
Eg: passionate,fiery,neutral,angry,hostile,opinionated,low-key or a rough-hewn unsophistication associated with those living in provinces.

EXPLICIT DETAIL QUESTIONS
Line Reference- usually the actual answer will be in the lines immediately before or after the referenced line.



Reading Comprehension

Pay special attention to the first third of the passage.
The first third of a reading comp passage usually introduces its topic and scope, the author's main idea or primary purpose and the author's tone.

Topic - broader.
Scope- Narrows the topic

As you read a passage:
i) Identify the topic. (Eg: Solving world hunger).
ii)Narrow the topic to precise scope. (Eg: A new technology for solving world hunger).
iii)Guess why the author is writing the passage and where it's leading. (Eg: Author writing to describe a new technology for solving world hunger).

STRUCTURE and TONE
says how the author says the matter.

GRE Passage Structures
i) passage arguing a position - social science.
ii) " within a field of study - Shakespearean sonnets in literature.
iii) " with some new findings or research - science.

Author's tone ranging from argumentative and opinionated to descriptive and clinical can provide a clue.

Verbs Used:
->
Argue for, propose, or demonstrate.
-> Describe or discuss.

=> Eliminating the wrong ones to choose the correct one, lookout for those choices that:
i) Contradict the facts or the main idea.
ii) Distract or twist the facts or the main idea.
iii) Mention true points not relevant to the question(often from wrong paras).
iv) Raise a topic thats never mentioned in passage.
v) Are too strongly worded.
vi) Sound off the wall or have the wrong tone.





Antonyms

Hints:
Word Charge
Word Roots
Word Associations
Making opposites of answer choices
and Guesses.

1. Look at word Roots, Stems and Suffixes
Eg: Benediction means, its prefix (bene means good) tells that its opposite is likely to be bad.
Perhaps the answer begin with mal, as in malefaction.

2. Use the +ve or -ve charges of the words to help you
+ sign for positive connotations
- sign for negative connotations
= sign for neutral words
Eg:

PERDITION : -

A) Deterrent -
B) Rearrangement =
C) Reflection =
D) Salvation +
E) Rejection -

Friday, January 25, 2008

Analogies

i)Stem Pairs
Eg: MAP:ATLAS::

ii)Form a bridge

Weak Bridge:- contain words as
usually,can,might, or sometimes

Strong Bridge :- definite relationship
Always,never, or must


Use good elimination strategies


5 Classic bridges

Definition
Function/Purpose
Lack
Characteristic action/items
Degree


"Both are" analogies do not come under 'strong relationship'.
Eg: RING:NECKLACE which are both the types of jewellery.

To be correct, an answer choice must have a strong, clear relationship.It won't have a weak bridge.

Sentence Completions tips

Relationhips
Since- Stuctural(clue)
And-Similar
But-Opposite
Semicolon(;)-Closely related clauses

Straight-ahead clues
And, similarly,in addition,since,also,thus, because;(semicolon), and likewise

Detour Signs(opp.)-contradictions
But,despite,yet,however,unless,rather,although,while,unfortunately, and nonetheless



Top 100 frequent list of words

Equivocal/Equivocate/Equivocation - Ambiguous, Open to 2 interpretations
Tractable(Intractable) - Obedient, Yielding
Placate(Implacable) - To soothe or pacify
Miser - Person extremely stingy
Engender - To Produce,cause, bring out

Dogma(tic)(tism)(tist) - Rigidly fixed in opinion , opinionated
Garrulous(Garrulity) - Very Talkative
Homogenous(Homogenize) - Composed of identical parts
Laconic - Using few words
Quiescence(Quiscent) - Inactivity,stillness

Anomalous - Irregular or deviating from the norm
Venerate(ion) - to respect
Assuage - To make less severe,ease,relieve
Misanthropic - Person who hates human beings
Digress(ive) - To stray from the main point

Corroborate(ion) - To confirm
Buttress -To support
Antipathy-Dislike,aversion
Disabuse-To free from error
Feigned(Unfeigned)-Pretended

Banal(ity)-Overly common
Desiccate(ion)-To dry out completely
Diatribe-Bitter verbal attack
Pedant(ic)(ry)-Uninspired,boring academic
Guile(less)-trickery

Eulogy(ize)-High praise,often in public
Fawn(ing)-To flatter excessively
Aberrant/aberration-Different from the usual or normal
Heresy/Heretic-Act opposed to established religious orthodoxy
Obdurate-Stubborn

Prevaricate(ion)-To lie
Embellish(ment)-To ornament
Pragmatic/Pragmatism-Practically moved by facts rather than abstract ideas
Precipitate-To cause to happen;To throw down from a height
Proximity-nearness

Profundity-Depth
Adulterate-To make impure
Sanction-Permission
Ameliorate-Improve
Anachronism/Anachronistic-Something chronologically inappropriate

Vindictive-Unforgiving
Propitiate-To win over
Aver-Affirm
Burgeon(ing)-To flourish or sprout
Commensurate-Proportional

Mitigate/Mitigation-To soften
Culpability-Responsibilty for wrong
Specious(ness)-Showy
Turpitude-A base act
Diffident/Diffidence-Shy,lacking confidence

Repudiate-To reject as having no authority
Discrete-Individually distinct
Obviate-To anticipate and prevent
Dissemble-To pretend
Implacable-Inflexible

Emulate-To copy
Complaiscance/Complaiscant-Disposition to please or comply
Enervate-To weaken
Latency-The condition of being present but hidden
Erudit(ion)-Learned,Scholarly

Espouse-To marry
Florid(ness)-Gaudy
Occlude-To shut
Harangue-A ranting writing or speech;lecture
Hieroglyph(ic)-Pictorial character

Iconoclast-One who attacks traditional beliefs
Impervious-Impossible to penetrate
Efficacy/Efficacious-Efficiency
Inchoate-Imperfectly formed
Loquacity/Loquacious-Talkative

Irascible(ility)-Easily angered
Ephemeral-momentary;transient
Laudable(tory)-Deserving of praise
Insipid-Lacking excitement
Magnanimity/Magnanimous-Generosity

Precarious(ly)-Uncertain
Endemic-Belonging to a particular area
Mollify-To calm
Rarefy/Rarefaction-To make thinner
Foster-To promote

Perennial-Present throughout the years
Malevolent-Causing evil or harm to others
Defer(ence)-To show respect
Precursor(y)-forerunner
Lucid-clear

Probity-Honesty
Abscond-To depart secretly
Propensity-Tendency
Audacious-Bold
Wheedle-To influence or entice by flattery

Prudent-Careful
Mundane-Commonplace
Diffuse-Widely spread out
Aggrandize-To make larger in power
Decimate-To reduce drastically

Succinct-Brief
Enigmat(ic)-A puzzle
Unfettered-Free
Ascetic-Self-denying
Cede-To yield

Goofing-Incompetent, foolish or stupid person
Loiter(Move Purposefully)- Stand around

GRE Verbals

GRE WORDS
--------------

Words in Context

Criticize/Criticism

Aspersion
Belittle
Berate
Calumny
Castigate
Chastise
Decry
Defamation
Deride/Derisive
Derogate
Diatribe
Disparage
Excoriate
Gainsay
Harangue
Impugn
Inveigh
Lambaste
Obloquy
Objurgate
Opprobrium
Oppugn
Pillory
Rebuke
Remonstrate
Reprehend
Reprove
Revile
Peruse
Vituperate

Concept of Falsehood
Fallacious
Erroneous -Incorrect
Mendacious -Lying
Apocryphal
Guile
Dissemble
Duplicity
Mendacity
Equivocate
Equivocation
Prevaricate
Prevarication
Specious
Spurious
Ersatz

Annoy
Aggravate
Irk
Irritate
Perturb
Vex, Vexatious

Beginner
Acolyte
neophyte
Novice
Proselyte - A new convert to a religion
Tyro

Foul
Festering
Fetid
Fulsome
Invidious
Noisome

Difficult to understand
Abstruse
Arcane
Enigmatic
Esoteric
inscrutable
Obscure
Opaque
Rarefied
Recondite
Turbid

Debauched/Debauchery
Bacchanalism
Depraved
Dissipated - Profligate
Iniquity
Libertine
Libidinous
Licentious
Reprobate
Ribald
Salacious
Sordid
Turpitude

Praise
Accolade
Aggrandize
Encomium
Eulogize
Extol
Laud/Laudatory
Venerate/Veneration

Biting(as in wit or temperament)
Acerbic
Acidulous
Acrimonius
Asperity
Caustic
Mordant
Mordacious
Trenchant

Render Useless/Weaken
Enervate
Obviate
Stultify
Undermine
Vitiate

HARMFUL
Baleful
Baneful
Deleterious
Inimical
Injurious
Insidious
Minatory
Perfidious
Pernicious

TIMID/TIMIDITY(Lacking Self-confidence)
Craven
Diffident
Pusillanimous
Recreant
Timorous
Trepidation

STUBBORN
Froward
Implacable
Inexorable
Intractable
Intransigent
Obdurate
Obstinate
Pertinacious
Recalcitrant
Refractory
Renitent
Untoward

BEGINNING/YOUNG
Burgeoning
Callow
Inchoate
Incipient
Nascent

OVERBLOWN/WORDY
Bombastic
Circumlocution
Garrulous
Grandiloquent
Loquacious
Periphrastic
prolix
Turgid

Hostile/one who is in hostile (Not friendly)
Antithetic
Churlish
Churmudgeon
Irascible
Malevolent
Misanthropic
Truculent
Vindictive

Cliched/Boring
Banal
Fatuous
Hackneyed
Insipid
Mundane
Pedestrian
Platitude
Prosaic
Quotidian
Trite


Facile - Easily achieved or done
Squander -Waste
Precipitous -Rash
Sublime -High or noble
Transient -Temporary
Etrenal -Permanent
Countenance-Appprove
Raffish -Vulgar.